DataFlex

DataFlex is an object-oriented database management system and 4GL programming language designed for business applications, originally developed by Data Access Corporation.

What You Can Upload

• .DAT data files
• .TAG, .K* index files
• .FD, .DEF field definition files
• .VLD variable-length text data (memo fields)
• ZIP archive with complete file sets

What You Get Out

DataMeans extracts your data into multiple modern formats:

Output	Description
csv/{TableName}.csv	One CSV file per table with all row data
xlsx/{TableName}.xlsx	Excel workbook per table
xls/{TableName}.xls	Legacy Excel format per table
json/{TableName}.json	JSON array of records per table
json/{TableName}.jsonl	Newline-delimited JSON (streaming-friendly)
postgres.sql	PostgreSQL CREATE TABLE + INSERT statements
schema/schema-graph.json	Relationship graph for visualization
schema/er-model.json	ER model for diagram tools
report.json	Structured extraction report
report.md	Human-readable extraction summary

How to Export / Obtain Files

1. Locate your DataFlex application's data directory
2. Copy all .DAT data files
3. Include .TAG files (contain field names)
4. Include .VLD files (memo data)
5. Include .FD or .DEF definition files if available
6. Create a ZIP with all files
7. Upload the ZIP to DataMeans

Supported Features

• DataFlex 3.0 - 3.2 (DOS) and Windows versions
• Full table structure extraction
• Automatic data type mapping (ASCII, Numeric, Date)
• Index and key preservation
• Data validation and integrity checking

Known Limitations

• Memo fields with complex formatting may need review
• Some legacy character encodings may need adjustment
• Very large tables (1M+ rows) may take extended processing time

Overview

DataFlex is a fourth-generation language (4GL) and application development platform created by Data Access Corporation (now Data Access Worldwide) for building business database applications. It includes an embedded ISAM-style database engine that stores each table as a group of files sharing a common root name, while the same applications can also run against SQL backends such as Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, and ODBC-accessible databases. DataFlex emphasizes rapid application development with its object-oriented 4GL, Data Dictionary classes that centralize business rules, and an integrated development environment for creating Windows and web software.

History and Background

• 1976: Data Access Corporation founded in Miami, Florida.
• 1981: DataFlex introduced at the COMDEX trade show as a 4GL for database applications.
• 1982: Initial commercial release; early versions run on CP/M, MS-DOS, TurboDOS, Unix, and VMS.
• 1987: DataFlex 2.3 emphasizes portability, running the same application code across CP/M, MS-DOS, and Unix systems.
• 1991: DataFlex 3.0 released with a modernized interface; variable-length data storage (.VLD files) is introduced.
• 1996: Visual DataFlex 4.0 released as the first Microsoft Windows version.
• 1998: DataFlex 3.2, the final character-mode release; the WebApp Server brings DataFlex applications to the web.
• 2007: Visual DataFlex 12.1 adds CodeJock-based visual controls and Office-style toolbars and menus.
• 2014: Visual DataFlex renamed DataFlex with release 18.0.
• 2017: DataFlex 2017 (19.0) adds JSON parsing support and mobile/web framework enhancements.
• 2019: DataFlex 2019 (19.1) adds an HTTP request handler for building REST and other HTTP services, plus web framework deep linking.
• 2021: DataFlex 2021 (20.0) introduces 64-bit compilation and full Unicode support.
• 2023: DataFlex 2023 (23.0) introduces FlexTron, embedding web controls in Windows desktop applications.
• 2024: DataFlex 2024 (24.0) adds the cWebDrawing vector-drawing web control and encrypted connections between application server nodes.
• 2025: DataFlex 2025 (25.0) adds dashboards, a navigation designer, and a web framework rewritten as ES6 classes.

File Format Specifications

The DataFlex embedded database stores each table as a group of operating-system files that share a common root name.

File Extensions:

• .DAT: Primary data file containing the table header and record data
• .Knn: Index files (.K1, .K2, etc.), one per index, holding key values and record numbers
• .HDR: Optional header-integrity file used to repair a corrupted .DAT header
• .TAG: Text file listing the names of the table's columns, used by the Table Editor and other tools
• .VLD: Variable-length data file used when compression is enabled; the .DAT file then holds pointers into it

File Structure:

• Tables: One table per .DAT file, identified by a common root name
• Indexes: Key values plus record numbers stored in separate .Kn files
• Header: Table definition held in the first 2,776 bytes of the .DAT file
• Records: String, number, and date columns are fixed-length; text and binary columns are variable-length
• Record Allocation: Row lengths are allocated in fixed steps (8–26 bytes, then a fixed series of increasingly spaced values from 28 to 256, then multiples of 128 bytes) up to the 16 KB maximum
• Limits: Up to 255 columns per table, 16,700,000 records per table, and a 16,384-byte maximum record size
• Column Names: Up to 32 characters, beginning with a letter, with underscore as the only punctuation permitted
• Filelist: FILELIST.CFG maps each table's file number, DataFlex name, display name, and physical name

Key Components:

• Embedded Engine: Self-contained table storage requiring no separate database server
• Table Editor: Visual tool for defining tables, columns, and indexes
• Data Dictionaries: Classes that centralize validation rules and business logic
• SQL Drivers: Connectivity for Microsoft SQL Server, IBM Db2, MySQL, and ODBC-accessible databases
• DataPump: Conversion tool that migrates embedded-format tables to SQL Server, MySQL, or PostgreSQL
• WebApp Server: Deployment platform for DataFlex web applications

Data Types and Structures

The DataFlex embedded database supports five physical data types, plus a legacy logical overlap type:

Type	Size	Description	Use Cases
ASCII	Up to 255 bytes	Fixed-length character data	Names, codes, descriptions
NUMERIC	Fixed (BCD)	Packed decimal storing two digits per byte; a three-byte column holds values up to ±999,999	Amounts, quantities
DATE	3 bytes	Date stored as a Julian day integer	Transaction dates
TEXT	Variable, up to 16 KB	Long ASCII text with a two-byte length header	Notes, memos
BINARY	Variable, up to 16 KB	Binary data with a two-byte length header	Images, documents
OVERLAP	No storage	Virtual column over contiguous physical columns	Multi-column relationships

Database Objects:

• Tables: Primary data containers with columns and records
• Indexes: Up to 15 per table, each stored in its own .Kn file, with up to 16 segments per index and a 256-byte maximum key length
• Relationships: Parent-child links between table columns, enforced through Data Dictionaries
• Data Dictionaries: Reusable classes holding validation and business rules for each table
• Filelist Entries: Numbered table registrations used by the compiler and runtime
• Workspaces: Configuration grouping an application's source, data, and filelist locations

Version Differences

Version	Year	Key Features	File Format
DataFlex 2.3	1987	Portable applications across CP/M, MS-DOS, Unix	.DAT tables with .Kn index files
DataFlex 3.0	1991	Modernized interface	Adds .VLD variable-length data files
Visual DataFlex 4.0	1996	First Windows version	No embedded format change
DataFlex 3.2	1998	Final character-mode release	Maximum .DAT size raised from 2 GB to 4 GB (1999 revision)
Visual DataFlex 12.1	2007	CodeJock visual controls, Office-style toolbars	No embedded format change
DataFlex 18.0	2014	Product renamed from Visual DataFlex	No embedded format change
DataFlex 19.0	2017	JSON parsing, mobile/web framework additions	No embedded format change
DataFlex 19.1	2019	HTTP request handler for REST services, deep linking	No embedded format change
DataFlex 2021 (20.0)	2021	64-bit compilation, full Unicode	OEM tables deprecated; ANSI/Unicode becomes standard
DataFlex 2022 (20.1)	2022	cWebView2Browser control wrapping the Edge WebView2 engine	No embedded format change
DataFlex 2023 (23.0)	2023	FlexTron web controls in desktop applications	No embedded format change
DataFlex 2024 (24.0)	2024	cWebDrawing vector control, encrypted server-node connections	No embedded format change
DataFlex 2025 (25.0)	2025	Dashboards, navigation designer, ES6 web framework	No embedded format change

Compatibility Notes:

• OEM-format tables are retained for backward compatibility; vendor guidance is to convert them to ANSI/Unicode from DataFlex 2021 (20.0) onward
• The maximum size of a .DAT file was raised from 2 GB to 4 GB in 1999 for DataFlex 3.2 and Visual DataFlex 6
• When compression is enabled, the .DAT file holds only pointers, so .DAT and .VLD files must be kept synchronized in backups
• Overlap columns are obsolete; multi-segment relationships replaced them in DataFlex 11.0
• Later filelist revisions support up to 4,095 table entries, up from 255 in older revisions
• Applications using the embedded database can be moved to SQL backends through DataFlex's SQL drivers

Technical References

• DataFlex Documentation
• Wikipedia: DataFlex
• Logical Structure of a Database File
• DataFlex File Extensions (Database Managers)
• Data Access Worldwide Forums

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To learn how to use this format with DataMeans, see the User Guide.